ЗАХИСТ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ВІД ПІДТОПЛЕННЯ В ЗОНІ ПІВНІЧНО-КРИМСЬКОГО КАНАЛУ ХЕРСОНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЙОГО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ
Ключові слова:
вертикальний дренаж, ефективність роботи горизонтальний дренаж, самопливне водовідведення
Анотація
Розглянуто системи захисту територій від шкідливої дії вод за допомогою вертикального дренажу в зоні Північно-Кримського каналу Херсонської області та обгрунтовано пропозиції щодо їх удосконалення шляхом створення додаткових систем горизонтального дренажу з самопливним водовідведенням. Натурні дослідження дренажу проводили на 8 дослідно-виробничих ділянках загальною площею 4763 га і терміном експлуатації 48-55 років і більше. Проведені дослідження містили обстеження дренажу на ділянках, вимірювання дренажного стоку та глибин залягання рівнів ґрунтових вод, визначення ефективності роботи. Дослідження охопили населені пункти: Чорнянка, Нова Маячка, Стара Маячка, Подо-Калинівка, Тарасівка, Великі Копані, Каланчак та Скадовськ, для захисту яких облаштовано 119 водозабірних свердловин глибиною 26-70 м. Показано ефективну роботу вертикального дренажу у період його повноцінної роботи та недостатню у періоди вибіркової роботи, коли рівні ґрунтових вод знаходились на глибинах 2-3 м і 1-2 м відповідно. Для забезпечення надійного захисту територій від підтоплення та затоплення в сучасних умовах у зв’язку з неможливістю та економічною недоцільністю відновлення роботи всіх наявних свердловин вертикального дренажу запропоновано існуючі системи захисту на його основі доповнити системами закритого горизонтального дренажу самопливного типу з малопохиловим та безпохиловим водовідведенням стоку. Площа додаткового горизонтального дренажу становить близько 40 тис. га, орієнтовна довжина колекторно-дренажної мережі – 456 км, глибина закладання дрен та колекторів – 2,5-11,0 м.
Посилання
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2. Babenko Yu.O., & Dupliak V.D. (1988). Okhorona pryrody pry iryhatsii zemel [Nature protection during land irrigation]. Ed.: O.H.Denysenko. Kyiv: Urozhai, 264 p. [in Ukrainian].
3. Babitska, O.A. (2011). Efektivnist’ sistem inzhinernogo zahistu vid pidtoplenia samoplyvnogo typu ta prymusovogo typu ta napriamy iih udoskonalenia. [Efficiency of systems of engineering protection against flooding of self-propelled and forced type and directions of their improvement]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].
4. Baliuk, S.A., & Ladnykh, V.Ia. (2006). Hruntovo-melioratyvnyi stan doslidnykh dilianok horyzontalnoho i vertykalnoho drenazhu ta rysovykh system u Prymorskii zoni Krasnoznamianskoi zroshuvalnoi systemy Khersonskoi oblasti [Soil and reclamation condition of experimental plots of horizontal and vertical drainage and rice systems in the Primorsky zone of the Krasnoznamyan irrigation system of the Kherson region]. Mizhvidomchyi temat.nauk. zb.: Melioratsiia i vodne hospodarstvo, Vyp. 93-94, 243-251. [in Ukrainian].
5. Bakhtiiarova, L.I. (2014). Prychyny ta naslidky melioratsii v pivnichnomu Prychornomor’i: drenazhni systemy [Causes and effects of reclamation in the northern Black Sea: drainage systems]. Visnyk Odeskoho natsionalnoho universytetu: Heohrafichni ta heolohichni nauky, 2, 80-100 [in Ukrainian].
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9. Granovska, L., & Zhuzha, P. (2015). Teoretychne obhruntuvannia inzhenernykh zakhodiv z borot’by zi shkidlyvoiu diieiu vod na terytorii smt Nova Maiachka Tsiurupyns’koho raionu Khersons’koi oblasti [Theoretical substantiation of the engineering measures to control harmful water effect on the territory of the urban-type settlement of Nova Maiachka, Tsiurupynsk Raion, Kherson oblast]. Tavriys'kyy naukovyy visnyk, 64, 79-82. [in Ukrainian].
10. Bygai, N.G., Vinogradov, S.G., & Vnychkov, V.V. et al. (1987). Drenazhnue sistemu v zone orosheniia. [Drainage systems in the irrigation zone]. Kyiv: Urozhay. [in Russian].
11. Romashchenko, M.I. et al. (2021). Zakhyst vid shkidlyvoi dii vod terytorii livoberezhnoi terasy Dnipra [Protection of the territories of the left-bank terrace of the Dnipro from harmful effects of waters]. Melioratsiia i vodne hospodarstvo, 1 (113 ), 15-22. [in Ukrainian].
12. Romashchenko, M.I., et al. (2020). Zakhyst selyshcha Nova Maiachka Oleshkivskoho raionu Khersonskoi oblasti vid shkidlyvoi dii vod [Protection of the village of Nova Mayachka of the Oleshkiv district of the Kherson region from the harmful effects of water]. Melioratsiia i vodne hospodarstvo, 2, 5-15. [in Ukrainian].
13. Khruslova, T.N. et al. (1991). Zashchyta oroshaemykh zemel ot erozyy, podtoplenyia y zasolenyia [Protection of irrigated lands from erosion, flooding and salinization]. Kyiv: Urozhai, 208 p. [in Russian].
14. Yvakhnenko, V.P., Strokovskyi, V.S., & Chyrva, Yu.A. (1978). K voprosu ob effektyvnosty vertykalnoho drenazha na Krasnoznamenskoi orosytelnoi systeme [On the question of the efficiency of vertical drainage in the Krasnoznamensk irrigation system] Respubl.mezhvedomstv.temat.nauchno-tekhn.sb. Melyoratsyia i vodnoe khoziaistvo, 43, 67-71. [in Russian].
15. Baer, R. A., Gryiza, A.A., Lyutaev, V.V., & Smirnov, R.A. (1978). Inzhenerno-geologicheskoe obosnovanie meliorativnogo stroitelstvayu [Engineering and geological substantiation of reclamation construction]. Kiev: BudIvelnik. [in Russian].
16. Bileush, A.I. et al. (2000). Inzhenernyi zakhyst ta osvoiennia terytorii: Dovidnyk [Engineering protection and development of territories: Handbook] Ed.: V.S. Nishchuka. Kyiv: Osnova, 2000. 344 p. [in Ukrainian].
17. Dupliak, V.D., Savchuk, D.P., Lesnychyi, V.N., Kuzemka, Y.P., Matiakh, M.N., & Shevchenko, Yu.A. (1992). Kakhovskyi oroshaemyi massyv: drenazh y okhrana pryrody [Kakhovka irrigated massif: drainage and nature protection] Melyoratsyia y vodnoe khoziaistvo, 9-12, 31-35. [in Russian].
18. Kovalchuk, V. (2010). Vybir alternatyvnykh dzherel zroshennia dlia zapobihannia pidtoplenniu silskykh terytorii [Selection of alternative sources of irrigation to prevent flooding of rural areas]. Vodne hospodarstvo Ukrainy, 5, 24-27. [in Ukrainian].
19. Kozhushko, L.F. (2001) Udoskonalennia drenazhnykh system [Improvement of drainage systems] Rivne: Vyd-vo Rivnenskoho derzhavnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu. 280 p. [in Ukrainian].
20. Kolesnykov, V. V. (1998) Gorizontalnyiy drenazh pochv na yuge Ukrainyi [Horizontal drainage of soils in the south of Ukraine.]. Kherson: Ailant. 306 p. [in Russian].
21. Kotykovych, I.V. (2021). Rozroblennia systemy zakhystu slabodrenovanykh terytorii vid pidtoplennia [Development of a system to protect poorly drained areas from flooding]. ]. Extended abstract of candidate’s thesis. Kyiv. 22 p. [in Ukrainian].
22. Oleunik, A.Ia. et al. (1986). Metodicheskie rekomendacii po raschetam zashchitu territorii ot podtopleniia v zone orosheniia. [Methodical recommendations on calculations of protection of territories from flooding in the irrigation zone]. Kyiv: Minvodhoz USSR, Instityt Gidromehaniki AN USSR, Ukrgiprovodkhoz. [in Russian].
23. Miroshnychenko, O.I., & Zhuzha, V.V. (2012). Analiz roboty drenazhu v mezhakh terasovo-deltovoi dolyny Dnipra ta perspektyvy yoho podalshoho vykorystannia [Analysis of drainage work within the terrace-delta valley of the Dnipro and prospects for its further use]. Zb.materialiv Mizhnarod.nauk.-prakt.konf.: Ekolohichni problemy pryrodokorystuvannia ta okhorony melioratyvnykh landshaftiv, 198-202. [in Ukrainian].
24. Morozov, V.V., & Golovashhenko, V.M. (2019). Efektyvnist` gidrotexnichny`h zaxodiv iz zaxystu vid pidtoplennya smt Nova Mayachka Khersons`koyi oblasti. [The effectiveness of hydraulic measures to protect against flooding Nova Mayachka village of Kherson region]. II Vseukrayins`ka nauk.-prakt. konf. mol. vchenyh: Gidrotehnichne budivnycztvo: mynule, sogodennya, majbutnye. Kherson: DVNZ «KhDAU», 111-114. [in Ukrainian].
25. Oleinyk, A.Ia. (1978). Fyltratsyonnye raschety vertykalnoho drenazha [Filtration calculations of vertical drainage]. Kyiv: Naukova dumka. 202 p. [in Russian].
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Опубліковано
2022-12-21
Як цитувати
Romashchenko, M., Savchuk, D., Shevchenko, A., Babitska, O., Kharlamov, O., & Kotykovych, I. (2022). ЗАХИСТ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ВІД ПІДТОПЛЕННЯ В ЗОНІ ПІВНІЧНО-КРИМСЬКОГО КАНАЛУ ХЕРСОНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЙОГО УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ. Меліорація і водне господарство, (2), 65 - 74. https://doi.org/10.31073/mivg202202-342
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